Once we know how to check if an object has an attribute in Python, the next step is to get that attribute. In Python, besides the normal dot-style attribute access, there’s a built-in function, getattr, which is also very useful for accessing an attribute. Python’s getattr The built-in function getattr(object, name[, default]) returns the value […]

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Since everything in Python is an object and objects have attributes (fields and methods), it’s natural to write programs that can inspect what kind of attributes an object has. For example, a Python program could open a socket on the server and it accepts Python scripts sent over the network from a client machine. Upon […]

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Time review Time as we know is represented by several components, some of which are numerical such as seconds, minutes and hours while others are strings such as timezone, AM and PM. Python provides an arsenal of utilities when dealing with time objects and strings. Therefore, it is relatively easy to get and format the […]

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Note: If you want to sort a list, tuple or object in Python, checkout this article: How to Sort a List or Tuple in Python The dict (dictionary) class object in Python is a very versatile and useful container type, able to store a collection of values and retrieve them via keys. The values can be objects of any type […]

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When you use a scripting language like Python, one thing you will find yourself doing over and over again is walking a directory tree, and processing files. While there are many ways to do this, Python offers a built-in function that makes this process a breeze. Basic Python Directory Traversal Here’s a really simple example […]

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Introduction to Python threads What are threads? Simply put, try to imagine them as running several programs concurrently, in a single process. When you create one or more threads in your program, they get executed simultaneously, independent of each other, and most importantly, they can share information among them without any extra difficulty. These features […]

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When you’ve got a large number of Python classes (or “modules”), you’ll want to organize them into packages. When the number of modules (simply stated, a module might be just a file containing some classes) in any project grows significantly, it is wiser to organize them into packages – that is, placing functionally similar modules/classes in the same directory. […]

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Note: Edited comments about the –no-site-packages argument now being default, thanks to @dideler on Twitter. Python is a very powerful scripting language. The language has lots of Python packages you can install and use in your projects. Sometimes, you may have different projects that need different versions of the same package/module. For example, let’s say […]

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Many developers install Python on their Windows machine, and when they try to run the console command python.exe, they get the following error message: ‘python’ is not recognized as an internal or external command . We’ll show you how to install Python, and fix this error. By adding Python to the PATH environmental variable. Step […]

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If you can’t execute or run a Python script, then programming is pointless. When you run a Python script, the interpreter converts a Python program into something that that the computer can understand. Executing a Python program can be done in two ways: calling the Python interpreter with a shebang line, and using the interactive […]

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